Publications

a. Past and Future Climate Variations

  1. Zhang, G., M. Rao, I. Simpson, K. A. Reed, B. Medeiros, H.-H. Chou, and T. Shaw, 2026: Near-surface Extreme Wind Events and Their Responses to Climate Forcings in a Hierarchy of Global Climate Models, to be submitted.
  2. D. Fu, X. Liu, F. Castruccio, G. Zhang, P. Chang, G. Danabasoglu: Global Warming Amplifies Inland Compound Risks from Tropical Cyclones, submitted.
  3. Miao et al., 2025: Equatorial-asymmetric Climate Changes in Tropical Central-Eastern Pacific Induced by Remote Atlantic Forcing, under review.
  4. Zhang, G., K.E. Lin, D. Fu, T. Knutson, J. Franke, W.L. Tseng, 2025: Contextualizing contemporary seasonality variations in East Asian tropical cyclone landfalls with a multi-century historical baseline, npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, accepted.
  5. H.-H. Chou, T. Shaw, and G. Zhang 2026: Human influence on recent trends in extratropical low-level wind speed, npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, accepted.
  6. Di Girolamo, L., G. Zhao, G. Zhang, Z. Wang, J. Loveridge, A. Mitra, 2025: Decadal changes in atmospheric circulation detected in cloud motion vectors, Nature, 643, 983–987.
  7. Zhang, G., 2023: Warming-induced Contraction of Tropical Convection Delays and Reduces Tropical Cyclone Formation, Nature Commun., 14, 6274.
  8. Zhang, G., H. Murakami, T. Knutson, R. Mizuta, and K. Yoshida, 2020: Tropical Cyclone Motion in a Changing Climate, Science Advances, 6(17), eaaz7610.

b. Climate Prediction: Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Scales
  1. Xiang B., L. Harris, G. Zhang, X. Ding, 2026: Dual Pathways Governing S2S Predictability of North American Summer Heat, Nature Commun Earth & Environment, under review.
  2. Zhang, G., M. Rao, J. Yuval, M. Zhao, 2025: Advancing Seasonal Prediction of Tropical Cyclone Activity with a Hybrid AI-Physics Climate Model, Environ. Res. Lett.
  3. Qian Y., P.C. Hsu, H. Murakami, G. Zhang, H. Wang, M. Duan, 2024: Intraseasonal Variability of Anticyclonic Rossby Wave Breaking and Its Impact on Tropical Cyclone Activity over the Western North Pacific, J Climate.
  4. Zhang, G., 2023: Improve Climate Predictions by Reducing Initial Prediction Errors: A Benefit Estimate Using Multi-model ENSO Predictions, preprint.
  5. Xiang, B., B. Wang, W. Zhang, L. Harris, T. L. Delworth, G. Zhang, and W. F. Cooke, 2021: Subseasonal controls of US landfalling tropical cyclones. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 5, 1-9.
  6. Zhang, G., H. Murakami, W. F. Cooke, Z. Wang, L. Jia, F. Lu, X. Yang, T. L. Delworth, A. T. Wittenberg, M. J. Harrison, M. Bushuk, C. McHugh, N. C. Johnson, S. B. Kapnick, K.-C. Tseng, and L. Zhang, 2021: Seasonal Predictability of Baroclinic Wave Activity, npj Climate and Atmospheric Science.
  7. K.C. Tseng, N. C. Johnson, S. B. Kapnick, T. L. Delworth, F. Lu, W. Cooke, A. T. Wittenberg, A. J. Rosati, L. Zhang, C. McHugh, X. Yang, M. Harrison, F. Zeng, G. Zhang, H. Murakami, M. Bushuk, L. Jia, 2021: Are Multiseasonal Forecasts of Atmospheric Rivers Possible? Geophys. Res. Lett.
  8. Zhang, G., H. Murakami, X. Yang, K. Findell, A. Wittenberg, and Liwei Jia, 2021: Dynamical Seasonal Prediction of Tropical Cyclone Activity: Roles of Sea Surface Temperature Errors and Atmosphere/Land Initialization, J. Climate.
  9. Zhang, G., H. Murakami, R. Gudgel, and X. Yang, 2019: Dynamical Seasonal Prediction of Tropical Cyclone Activity: Robust Assessment of Prediction Skill and Predictability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 5506-5515.
  10. Li, W., Z. Wang, G. Zhang, M. S. Peng, S. G. Benjamin, and M. Zhao 2018: Subseasonal Variability of Rossby Wave Breaking and Impacts on Tropical Cyclones during the North Atlantic Warm Season, J. Climate, 31, 9679–9695.
  11. Wang, Z., G. Zhang, M. S. Peng, and J.-H. Chen, and S.-J. Lin, 2015: Predictability of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones in the GFDL HiRAM Model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 2547-2554.

c. Socioeconomic Impacts, Modeling, and Applications

  1. Zhang, G., 2025: Summer Amplification of Wind Stilling and Land Warming Compounds Energy Risks in Northern Midlatitudes,
    Environ. Res. Lett    .
  2. Zhang, G., and W. Zhu, 2023: Characteristics and Predictive Modeling of Short-term Impacts of Hurricanes on the US Employment, preprint.

d. Large-Scale Circulation and Climate Dynamics

  1. Rao, M, G. Zhang, K.A. Reed, 2026: Atmospheric Circulation Constraints on Future Changes in Tropical Cyclone Activity, in preparation.
  2. Li, Y., S-P. Xie, T. Lian, G. Zhang, J. Feng, J. Ma, Q. Peng, W. Wang, Y. Hou, and X. Li, 2023: Interannual Variability of Regional Hadley Circulation and El Niño Interaction. Geophys. Res. Lett.
  3. Li, Y., S-P. Xie, G. Zhang, Z. Wang, W. Wang, and Y Hou, 2022: Regional Perspective of Hadley Circulation and Its Uncertainties among Different Datasets: Spread in Reanalysis Datasets. JGR-Atmosphere.
  4. Zhang, G., L. Silvers, M. Zhao, and T. Knutson, 2021: Idealized Aqua-Planet Simulations of Tropical Cyclone Activity: Significance of Temperature Gradients, Hadley Circulation, and Zonal Asymmetry, J. Atmos. Sci., 78, 877–902.
  5. Wang, Z., G. Zhang, T. Dunkerton, and F.-F., Jin, 2020: Summertime Stationary Waves Integrate Tropical and Extratropical Impacts on Tropical Cyclone Activity, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 117, 22720-22726.
  6. Zhang, G., and Z. Wang, 2019: North Atlantic Extratropical Rossby Wave Breaking during the Hurricane Season: Association of Tropical and Extratropical Variability. J. Climate, 32, 3777–3801.
  7. Zhang, G. and Z. Wang, 2015: Interannual Variability of Tropical Cyclone Activity and Regional Hadley Circulation over the Northeastern Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 2473-2481.
  8. Zhang, G, Z. Wang, 2013: Interannual Variability of the Atlantic Hadley Circulation in Boreal Summer and Its Impacts on Tropical Cyclone Activity. J. Climate, 26, 8529–8544. 

e. Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones: Physical Processes and Modeling

  1. G. Zhang, 2026: Linking Extratropical Forecast Degradation to Tropical Cyclones in Physical and AI Models, submitted.
  2. Ren, M., G. Zhang, K.-Y. Cheng, L. Harris, T. Tamarin-Brodsky, and J. Mouallem, 2026: Impacts of Jet Stream Structure on Cyclone Mergers and Persistent Anticyclones: Insights from Dry Idealized Simulations, to be submitted.
  3. Chen, Z., L. R. Leung, W. Zhou, J. Lu, S. W. Lubis, Y. Liu, C.-C. Chang, B. E. Harrop, Y. Wang, G. Zhang, Y. Qian, 2025: Hierarchical Testing of a Hybrid Machine Learning-Physics Global Atmosphere Model, AGU Advances, accepted.
  4. Zhang, G., T. Knutson, and S. Garner, 2019: Impacts of Extratropical Weather Perturbations on Tropical Cyclone Activity: Idealized Sensitivity Experiments with a Regional Atmospheric Model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 14052– 14062.
  5. Zhang, G., and Z. Wang, 2018: North Atlantic Extratropical Rossby Wave Breaking during the Warm Season: Wave Life Cycle and Roles of Diabatic Heating. Mon. Wea. Rev., 146, 695–712.
  6. Zhang, G., Z. Wang, M. S. Peng, and G. Magnusdottir, 2017: Characteristics and Impacts of Extratropical Rossby Wave Breaking during the Atlantic Hurricane Season. J. Climate, 30, 2363–2379.
  7. Hu, H., F. Dominguez, Z. Wang, D. Lavers, G. Zhang, and F. M, Ralph, 2017: Linking Atmospheric River Hydrological Impacts on the U.S. West Coast to Rossby Wave Breaking. J. Climate, 30, 3381–3399.
  8. Zhang, G., Z. Wang, T. J. Dunkerton, M. S. Peng, and G. Magnusdottir, 2016: Extratropical Impacts on Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity. J. Atmos. Sci., 73, 1401-1418.
  9. Hankes, I., Z. Wang, G. Zhang, and C. Fritz, 2014: Merger of African Easterly Waves and Formation of Cape Verde Storms. Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 141, 1306-1319.

Technical Reports and Others

  1. Zhang, G., Z. Wang, K. A Reed, L. M Harris, 2025: Navigating Through Turbulence: Blueprint for the Next Generation of Weather-Climate Scientists, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, invited submission.
  2. Zhang, G., 2024: Hope or Hype: AI-driven Risk Modeling of Tropical Cyclones. Office of Risk Management and Insurance Research, Gies Business School.